MPdb: Melghat Plant Data Bank
MH140 : Xanthium strumarium L. |
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| Melghat's Flora's Serial No. : | 282 |
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| Plant Location in Melghat : | In shallow lands of fields and among grasses in forest | |||||||||||||
| Plant Category : | Herbs | |||||||||||||
| Plant's Current Status : | - | |||||||||||||
| Plant Family : | Compositae | |||||||||||||
| Plant Common Name : | Gokharu, cocklebur, Common Cocklebur, broad bur, burdock datura, clotbur, rough cockleburr, chota dhatura, chota gokhuru, ghaghra, sankhahuli, ghagara, shankeshrvar, marul-umattai, marulutige,maruluummatti, godrian, arishta, medhya, sarpakshi | |||||||||||||
| Synonym : | Xanthium abyssinicum Wallr. Xanthium acerosum Greene Xanthium acutilobum Millsp. & Sherff Xanthium acutum Greene Xanthium affine Greene Xanthium albinum subsp. ripicola (Holub) J. Dostal Xanthium americanum Walt. Xanthium arcuatum Millsp. & Sherff Xanthium arenarium Lasch Xanthium aridum H.St.John Xanthium barcinonense Sennen Xanthium brevirostre Hochst. Xanthium bubalocarpon Bush Xanthium californicum var. rotundifolium Widder Xanthium calvum Millsp. & Sherff Xanthium campestre Greene Xanthium cenchroides Millsp. & Sherff Xanthium chasei Fernald Xanthium chinense Mill. Xanthium chinense var. globuliforme C.Shull Xanthium chinese Xanthium cloessplateaum D.Z.Ma Xanthium commune Britton Xanthium cordifolium Stokes Xanthium crassifolium Millsp. & Sherff Xanthium cuneatum Moench Xanthium curvescens Millsp. & Sherff Xanthium cylindraceum Millsp. & Sherff Xanthium cylindricum Millsp. & Sherff Xanthium decalvatum Widder Xanthium discolor Wallr. Xanthium echinatum Murray Xanthium echinatum subsp. italicum (Moretti) O.Bolòs & J. Vigo Xanthium echinatum var. cavanillesii (Schouw) O.Bolòs & J. Vigo Xanthium echinellum Greene Xanthium fuscescens Jord. & Fourr. Xanthium glabratum (DC.) Britton Xanthium glanduliferum Greene Xanthium globosum C.Shull Xanthium homothalamum Spreng. Xanthium inaequilaterum DC. Xanthium indicum DC. Xanthium indicum var. inaequilaterum (DC.) Miq. Xanthium inflexum Mack. & Bush Xanthium italicum var. albinum Widder Xanthium japonicum Widder Xanthium leptocarpum Millsp. & Sherff Xanthium longirostre Wallr. Xanthium macounii Britton Xanthium macrocarpum var. glabratum DC. Xanthium mongolicum Kitag. Xanthium monoicum Gilib. Xanthium natalense Widder Xanthium nigri Ces. Xanthium occidentale Bertol. Xanthium oligacanthum Piper Xanthium orientale Blume Xanthium orientale f. laciniatum (Pouzolz) Thell. ex Widder Xanthium orientale var. albinum (Widder) Adema & M.T.Jansen Xanthium orientale var. riparium (Itzigs. & Hertsch) Adema & M. T. Jansen Xanthium oviforme Wallr. Xanthium pennsylvanicum Gand. Xanthium pungens var. cylindricum (Millsp. & Sherff) Widder Xanthium pungens var. denudatum Widder Xanthium pungens var. globosum (Shull) Widder Xanthium riparium Lasché Xanthium ripicola J. Holub Xanthium roxburghii Wallr. Xanthium saccharatum subsp. aciculare Widder Xanthium saccharatum subsp. commune (Britton) Widder Xanthium sibiricum var. subinerme (C.Winkl.) Widder Xanthium speciosum Kearney Xanthium sphaerocephalum Salzm. ex Ball Xanthium strumarium f. purpurascens S. Priszter Xanthium strumarium var. arenarium (Lasch) Uechtritz Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A.Gray Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum (DC.) Cronquist Xanthium strumarium var. hausmanni Widder Xanthium strumarium var. inaequilaterale (DC.) C.B.Clarke Xanthium strumarium var. indicum (koenig ex Roxb.) Debeaux Xanthium strumarium var. oviforme (Wallr.) M.Peck Xanthium strumarium var. pensylvanicum (Wallr.) M.Peck Xanthium strumarium var. strumarium Xanthium strumarium var. subinerme C.Winkl. ex Widder Xanthium strumarium var. wootonii (Cockerell) M.Peck Xanthium varians Greene Xanthium wootoni Cockerell ex de Vries Xanthium wootonii Cockerell |
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| Description : | All of us have known this plant from our childhood. One can’t miss it when the seeds are ripe. The fruits are covered with numerous hooks and kids have fun throwing it at people and sticking it to their woollen clothing. It is assumed the plant originated in Central America, but is widely naturalized world over, probably because of its ingenious technique of transporting its seeds on animal fur. The plant has large and broad leaves, light and bright green in color in an alternate pattern with irregular lobes and relatively inconspicuous teeth. Stems turn maroon to black when mature, with an elliptic or egg shaped fruit clusters growing nestled around the stem. Common Cocklebur is an annual herb with a short, stout, hairy stem. Flower heads occur in racemes in leaf axils or at the end of branches. The flowers are white or green, numerous, male upper most, female ovoid, covered with hooked bristles. Fruit is obovoid, enclosed in the hardened involucre, with 2 hooked beaks and hooked bristles. Flowering: August-September. | |||||||||||||
| Curated Medicinal Use / Activity : | analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, cytotoxic, anti-angiogenesis and anti-viral; used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat nasal sinusitis, headache, urticaria and arthritis (Committee, 2010); The whole plant, specially root and fruit, is used as medicine. According to Ayurveda, X. strumarium is cooling, laxative, fattening, anthelmintic, alexiteric, tonic, digestive, anti-pyretic, and improves appetite, voice, complexion, and memory. It cures leucoderma, biliousness, poisonous bites of insects, epilepsy, salivation and fever. | |||||||||||||
| Plant's Phytochemicals : | Carboxyatratyloside (CAT) chlorogenic acid ferulic acid thiazinediones 8-epi-xanthatin 8-epixanthatin epoxide beta-sitosterol strumasterol caffeic acid xanthatin |
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| Reference : | ~ Dhore MA and Joshi PA; "Flora of Melghat Tiger Reserve"; Directorate, Project Tiger, Melghat (1988); PMID : ~ Bhogaonkar PY and Devarkar VD; "Ethnomedicinal plants used in skin treatment by Korkus of Melghat Dist. Amravati (MS), India"; Life Sciences Leaflets (2011); 178-191 PMID : |
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